Thursday, 17 September 2015

17th September 2015

Reflection

From the previous lesson, i learned that internal is defined as something that does not require observation for evaluation whereas external is defined as something that requires observation of the outside world for evaluation and virtues is defined as the characteristics of something which is positive and also the features of a theory that makes a good theory.

I also learned about the features of scientific theory. Theories have many different properties and they must meet two criteria’s which are :-
A) they must be reliable indicators of truth
B) It is something that can be evaluated. ( accessible to everyone)

The features of theories can be grouped into internal and external features. An example of internal virtue is logical consistency, which means it involves no logical contradiction. To be logically consistent all claims must be true and does not contradict each other. To be inconsistent at least one of the claims must be false. This blog further explains logical consistency ( https://aphilosopher.wordpress.com/2007/10/31/moral-reasoning-logical-consistency/ )
This video also provides further explanation and examples on logical consistency.


Furthermore, the features of internal virtues ( as written in the book below ) are entrenchment, explanatory cooperation, testability, generality and simplicity. Some explanation for the features of internal virtues are :-

  •  Entrenchment is a principle of conservatism and is not a rule to be abided by strictly
  • Explanatory cooperation is the property of explaining why things behave the way other theories explain them to be. 
  • Testability is testing the prediction / observation to see if it can be used in a general context.
  • Generality makes the theory more reliable because relevant test can be carried out numerous times to produce same results at the end of the day.
  • Simplicity is not an independent objective standard but is dependent on the linguistic and theoretical context. 

Moreover, the features of external virtues are explanation where the theories should be able to explain an observed phenomena. The more the phenomena that can be explained, the more likely the theory is to be true. A theory that is reliable should be able to explain a broad variety of things. Another feature is that they can go through testing and confirmation. This can be accomplished by looking at new evidence as predicted by the theory. It also does not explain why something happened but that it does happen according to predictions made.

https://books.google.com.my/books?id=VK5yIq-wzdgC&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=internal+and+external+virtues&source=bl&ots=-weo98WlvL&sig=n660flxw_NJ_PiWBJ4jtsWFfbK4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDMQ6AEwA2oVChMI__a2973-xwIVzsKOCh2SOwLi#v=onepage&q=internal%20and%20external%20virtues&f=false (pg 30, 36 - 50 )

From this lesson, what i would need most help in would be how to clearly distinguish the features of internal virtues which can be confusing at times. I would use this knowledge to properly point out to the students what are internal or external virtues ( in their context ).

Learning artifacts :-

Video : Retrieved on 17/9/2015

e-book : Retrieved on 17/9/2015 ( pg 30 )

Article : Retrieved on 17/9/2015 

Friday, 11 September 2015

10th September 2015

Reflection

From the previous lesson, I learned several things. We watched videos of our assignment which were about the explanation of scientific theories and laws, and also about the misconceptions of scientific theories. From those videos, the video I enjoyed the most was made by Group 2.





This video explains the definition of scientific theories and laws in simple terms which are easy to understand. I also learned about the misconceptions of scientific theories. An example of one is how science is complete. This is incorrect because science is an ongoing process and there is much more to learn about the world. In fact, in science, making a key discovery often leads to many new questions for investigation. Furthermore, scientists are constantly elaborating, refining, and revising established scientific ideas based on new evidence and perspectives. From this assignment, i have also gain more knowledge on how to make videos and ways to make a video more engaging ( through feedback from other students after the video presentation).

Furthermore, I also learned about the differences between scientific theories, scientific laws and hypotheses. A hypotheses is a statement that is a still being tested whereas a theory is a hypotheses that has been repeatedly tested and not disproven, and a law is a statement that is universally accepted and it is based on mathematical evidence which can be proven. The picture and video below further explains the differences between scientific theories, laws and hypotheses.


For this lesson, I would need further help in learning how to construct a hypothesis because sometimes I write them incorrectly. I will use this knowledge to teach my students on the importance of a hypothesis as it must be written in every scientific report. With this knowledge,I can also teach them how to construct a hypothesis easily using the method learned ( if... , then... ).

Learning artifacts : 

Video : Retrieved on 11/9/2015

Video : Retrieved on 11/9/2015

Photo : retrieved on 11/9/2015

Thursday, 3 September 2015

3rd September 2015

Reflection 

From my previous lesson, I learned mainly about the true definition and the characteristics of scientific theories and scientific laws. Firstly, I learned that the definition of notion is that it is an idea or opinion about something. Moreover, I learned that the definition of theory in the scientific point of view is different, it is defined as something that is verified based on proven hypotheses. Law is defined as something/rule that is accepted to be true or occurs repeatedly when placed in the same conditions. It is shown in the video below the definition of theory and law in a scientific point of view.

I also learned the comparison between the scientific theory and scientific law which is that scientific theories can be improved or modified as evolution takes place. From the picture above it also explains how scientific laws can be expressed in a mathematical equation. The article below also talks about how both scientific theories and law are different because a scientific theory is an explanation of an observed phenomenon whereas a scientific law is a unifying concept.

http://www.livescience.com/21457-what-is-a-law-in-science-definition-of-scientific-law.html

Lastly, I was thought of the characteristics that defined a scientific law or theory. The characteristics of a scientific theory is that it is testable, the results obtained must be replicable by other scientists. However, the characteristics for scientific laws is that it can be used to predict outcomes and it can mostly be represented in a mathematical equation.


Learning Artifacts : 

Article : Retrieved on 3/9/2015

Photo : Retrieved on 3/9/2015

Video : Retrieved on 3/9/2015